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Article 370 : Definition and Implications

Article 370 which is in news now a days provides special autonomous status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir. It restricts the power of Indian Parliament to make laws for people who reside in J&K as this article specifies that except for Defense, Foreign Affairs, Communications and ancillary matters (matters specified in the instrument of accession) the Indian Parliament needs the State Government's concurrence for applying all other laws. In effect the state's residents have a separate set of laws compared to other parts of the country, including laws related to citizenship, ownership of property, and fundamental rights, as compared to other Indians.

 As a consequence of this provision, Indian citizens from other states cannot purchase land or property in Jammu & Kashmir. Under Article 370, the Centre has no power to declare financial emergency provided under Article 360 in the state. Centre can declare emergency in J&K only in case of war or external aggression. Central government can not declare emergency  in Jammu and Kashmir on grounds of internal disturbance or imminent danger unless it is made at the request or with the concurrence of the state government.

The unique status is not only for J&K, other articles(370A to 370I) in Constitution of India provides protections for tribal areas of India, as per needs of the area ,including those in Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Nagaland under constitution of India.

Article 370 reads as given below :
370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution,—

(a) the provisions of article 238 shall not apply in relation to the state of Jammu and Kashmir;

(b) the power of Parliament to make laws for the said state shall be limited to—
  • (i) those matters in the Union List and the Concurrent List which, in consultation with the Government of the State, are declared by the President to correspond to matters specified in the Instrument of Accession governing the accession of the State to the Dominion of India as the matters with respect to which the Dominion Legislature may make laws for that State; and
  • (ii) such other matters in the said Lists as, with the concurrence of the Government of the State, the President may by order specify.

Explanation: For the purpose of this article, the Government of the State means the person for the time being recognized by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadr-i-Riyasat (now Governor) of Jammu and Kashmir, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the State for the time being in office.

(c) the provisions of article 1 and of this article shall apply in relation to that State;

(d) such of the other provisions of this Constitution shall apply in relation to that State subject to such exceptions and modifications as the President may by order specify:

Provided that no such order which relates to the matters specified in the Instrument of Accession of the State referred to in paragraph (i) of sub-clause (b) shall be issued except in consultation with the Government of the State:

Provided further that no such order which relates to matters other than those referred to in the last preceding proviso shall be issued except with the concurrence of that Government.

(2) If the concurrence of the Government of the State referred to in paragraph (ii) of sub-clause (b) of clause (1) or in the second proviso to sub-clause (d) of that clause be given before the Constituent Assembly for the purpose of framing the Constitution of the State is convened, it shall be placed before such Assembly for such decision as it may take thereon.

(3) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this article, the President may, by public notification, declare that this article shall cease to be operative or shall be operative only with such exceptions and modifications and from such date as he may specify:

Provided that the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in clause (2) shall be necessary before the President issues such a notification.
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Comments

  1. AnonymousMay 29, 2014 at 12:43 AM

    You explanation looks too technical for me to understand and comprehend. Is it true that Right to Information is not yet implemented in J&K only because of 370? Is it also true that any Indian can not buy any property in J&K only because of 370? Also are there any other end results of 370 you see which are positive and negative for any common Indian or J&K resident?

    ~N :-)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. UnknownMay 29, 2014 at 12:18 PM

      yup it seems to be little technical my friend as our costitution also. Coming to point ,
      RTI is in active mode in kashmir also except some confedential matters like security ,religious related.
      and no, buying property in kashmir is not merely because of article 370 .its because of saving local demography of all 7 seven states, himachal, and kashmir ,so kasmir is not a exception.

      Delete
    2. AnonymousMay 30, 2014 at 12:19 AM

      Yes, but doesn't it create hindrance in development of Kashmir in the sense that I as an entrepreneur ( and also an Indian ) can not buy property to open a business and create jobs in Kashmir?

      ~N

      Delete
  2. The priestMay 29, 2014 at 3:48 PM

    Thanks subhash for answereing ....Kashmir is not ans exception there are many other places where such restriction on buying land exists. The law there exists in different shape . .

    ReplyDelete
  3. The priestMay 29, 2014 at 7:48 PM

    The negative is that this article restricts control of central government over the state of Jammu and Kashmir while positive is that it may be required for proper development and growth of the people of the area. It required proper study to analyze its result over the time.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. AnonymousMay 30, 2014 at 12:20 AM

      I disagree and see it as a negative for "proper development and growth of the people of the area" that t I as an entrepreneur ( and also an Indian ) can not buy property to open a business and create jobs in Kashmir.

      ~N

      Delete
  4. The priestMay 30, 2014 at 12:22 AM

    Thats why i wrote may .... it is a point of debate other may say that it will help in preserving natural beauty of kashmir and their many more arguments in favor as well as against

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. AnonymousMay 30, 2014 at 12:00 PM

      Can you please also detail out your "may" - I mean how would it help in "proper development and growth of the people of the area" ?

      ~N

      Delete
    2. The priestMay 30, 2014 at 5:05 PM

      Only business is not a way development . First of all it's demography will be maintained ,secondly natural beauty will be conserved and which in effect will be good for tourism industry . This protection on ban on buying land is not unique to Kashmir , it has been provided to many other areas of the country as well where there is need to preserve demography and natural conditions.

      Delete

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